Question 1

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

Accepted Answer

A)   callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B)   remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C)   hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D)   callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
E)   hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Intramembranous ossification

Accepted Answer

A)   forms the bones of the roof of the skull.
B)   is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
C)   occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.
D)   occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells.
E)   occurs on the outer surface of the membrane.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lack of sex hormone production reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
B)   Immune cells decrease in number after puberty and reduce bone repair.
C)   Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.
D)   Calcium ions released from the bones are necessary for gamete production.
E)   Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Lamellar bone

Accepted Answer

A)   has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.
B)   has a porous appearance.
C)   is organized into thin sheets of tissue.
D)   is very light in weight.
E)   is not easily restructured.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 5

The stem cells of osteoclasts are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   osteocytes
B)   osteoclasts
C)   chondrocytes
D)   the same cells that give rise to monocytes
E)   osteochondral progenitor cellsF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth.
B)   Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length.
C)   Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
D)   In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes.
E)   Bones cannot grow by appositional growth.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)   Growth hormone
B)   Sex hormones
C)   Parathyroid hormone
D)   Calcitonin
E)   Vitamin DF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

Accepted Answer

A)   parathyroid hormone
B)   vitamin D
C)   calcitonin
D)   growth hormone
E)   vitamin CF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Collagen
B)   Proteoglycan
C)   Hyaluronic acid
D)   Elastin
E)   ChondrocytesF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Osteoclasts have projections called ________ that cause bone reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)   canaliculi
B)   lacunae
C)   ruffled borders
D)   lamellae
E)   crossroadsF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
B)   Lack of exposure to sunlight increases calcitonin secretion leading to reduced calcium storage in the bones.
C)   Estrogen produced in the dermis reduces calcium excretion in the kidneys.
D)   Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted through sweat.
E)   Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Osteoclast activity is increased by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   parathyroid hormone
B)   vitamin D
C)   calcitonin
D)   growth hormone
E)   vitamin CF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 13

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

Accepted Answer

A)   thickness of the bone.
B)   length of the bone.
C)   strength of the bone.
D)   ability of the bone to heal.
E)   growth rate of bone.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   matrix
B)   chondrocyte
C)   ligamentous cord
D)   lacuna
E)   perichondriumF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Spongy bone tissue

Accepted Answer

A)   is very dense.
B)   contains concentric lamellae.
C)   contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
D)   has many spaces and lacks osteocytes.
E)   is the primary component of compact bone.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 16

The compression (weight-bearing)  strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   elastin fibers
B)   collagenase
C)   hydroxyapatite crystals
D)   collagen fibers
E)   bone marrowF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
B)   A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
C)   Spongy bone is formed.
D)   Periosteum is formed.
E)   Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

Accepted Answer

A)   Epiphysis
B)   Sharpey fibers
C)   Growth plate
D)   Medullary cavity
E)   EndosteumF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 19

The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?

Accepted Answer

A)   Spongy bone
B)   Compact bone
C)   Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct.D) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

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The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the ________.

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Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?

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The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

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How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

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The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

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What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

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Osteoclasts have projections called ________ that cause bone reabsorption.

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Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

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Osteoclast activity is increased by ________.

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Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

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Spongy bone tissue

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Lamellar bone

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How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

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The stem cells of osteoclasts are ________.

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Intramembranous ossification

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Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

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Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

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Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

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The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of ________.

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