Question 1

If an object is observed to orbit the Sun in an orbit with an eccentricity of 0.9, what type ofobject is it likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  a star
B)  a planet
C)  an asteroid
D)  a comet
E)  a moonF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Kepler determined the shape of each planet's orbit by triangulation from different points onEarth's orbit, using observations made at many different times of the year.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Newton's Laws completely replaced the incorrect work of Kepler.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What does Kepler's third law imply about planetary motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed.
B)  Planets closer to the Sun orbit at a slower speed than planets further from the Sun.
C)  Planets further from the Sun orbit at a slower speed than planets closer to the Sun.
D)  Planets further from the Sun orbit at a faster speed than planets closer to the Sun.
E)  This law implies nothing about a planet's motion.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

The force of gravity varies with the:

Accepted Answer

A)  product of the two masses.
B)  inverse of the distance separating the two bodies.
C)  inverse square of the distance separating the two bodies.
D)  Both A and B are correct.
E)  Both A and C are correct.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

The Ptolemaic model probably persisted for all these reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it had the authority of Aristotle behind it.
B)  it was consistent with the doctrines of the Catholic Church.
C)  it used perfect circles, which appealed to geometry.
D)  it accounted well for Galileo's observations of the phase cycle of Venus.
E)  it explain why stellar parallax was not observed by the Greeks.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Kepler's first law worked, where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed, becauseKepler described the orbits as:

Accepted Answer

A)  elliptical, not circular.
B)  much larger than Copernicus had envisioned.
C)  around the Sun, not the Earth.
D)  being on equants instead of epicycles.
E)  complex, with epicycles to account for retrograde motions.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Galileo's observations of sunspots proved the Sun was rotating, like the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Because he failed to observe stellar ________, Aristotle wrongly concluded we could not bein orbit around the Sun.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because he failed to observe stellar ________,...

Question 10

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, attempts to precisely measure theastronomical unit relied largely on rare:

Accepted Answer

A)  total solar eclipses.
B)  transits of the inferior planets across the Sun.
C)  passages of comets close to the Earth.
D)  maximum elongations of Venus.
E)  oppositions of Mars.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 11

The greatest contribution of the Greeks to modern thought was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the idea that all the planets orbited the Sun.
B)  that their mythology was the basis for the naming of the constellations.
C)  that their observation of stellar parallax proved the Earth orbited the Sun.
D)  the development of scientific inquiry and model building.
E)  the invention of the telescope.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Why do Newton's Laws show a force must be acting on the planets?

Accepted Answer

The planets are moving in elliptical orb...

Question 13

On which of these assumptions do Ptolemy and Copernicus agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Earth must be the center of all motion in the Cosmos.
B)  All orbits must be perfect circles.
C)  The Sun was bigger than the Earth.
D)  Venus must always stay between us and the Sun.
E)  The Sun must orbit us, but the planets do orbit the Sun.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Using Newton's first law, describe the motion of a body moving in the absence of any netexternal force.

Accepted Answer

in a strai...

Question 15

Explain how Newton could turn observations of a cannonball in flight into a satellite orbit.

Accepted Answer

Newton noted that the faster the ball wa...

Question 16

The most famous prehistoric astronomical observatory is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Sphinx.
B)  Stonehenge.
C)  Big Horn stone circle.
D)  Carcacol.
E)  Mount Rushmore.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Given that the planet orbiting the nearby star 51 Pegasi is about 20X larger than the Earth,but 400X more massive, on that world you would weigh:

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as you do here.
B)  twice as much as you do here.
C)  half as much as you do here.
D)  20X more that you do here.
E)  400X more than you do here.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 18

The principal culture that transferred Greek astronomical knowledge to Renaissance Europewas:

Accepted Answer

A)  Byzantine.
B)  Chinese.
C)  Mongol.
D)  Islamic.
E)  Mayan.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

If the distance between two asteroids is doubled, the gravitational force they exert on eachother will:

Accepted Answer

A)  also be doubled.
B)  be half as great.
C)  be one fourth as great.
D)  be  1/161 / 161/16  a great.
E)  be four times greater. F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

According to Newton, the gravity of the ________ is needed to explain planetary orbits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Newton, the gravity of the...

Exam 2: The Copernican Revolution: The Birth of Modern Science

Newton's Laws completely replaced the incorrect work of Kepler.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most famous prehistoric astronomical observatory is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kepler determined the shape of each planet's orbit by triangulation from different points onEarth's orbit, using observations made at many different times of the year.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greatest contribution of the Greeks to modern thought was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do Newton's Laws show a force must be acting on the planets?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe planets are moving in elliptical orb...View AnswerShow Answer

The force of gravity varies with the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On which of these assumptions do Ptolemy and Copernicus agree?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, attempts to precisely measure theastronomical unit relied largely on rare:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Galileo's observations of sunspots proved the Sun was rotating, like the Earth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an object is observed to orbit the Sun in an orbit with an eccentricity of 0.9, what type ofobject is it likely to be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given that the planet orbiting the nearby star 51 Pegasi is about 20X larger than the Earth,but 400X more massive, on that world you would weigh:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does Kepler's third law imply about planetary motion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the distance between two asteroids is doubled, the gravitational force they exert on eachother will:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Newton, the gravity of the ________ is needed to explain planetary orbits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kepler's first law worked, where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed, becauseKepler described the orbits as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using Newton's first law, describe the motion of a body moving in the absence of any netexternal force.

Correct Answerverifiedin a strai...View AnswerShow Answer

The Ptolemaic model probably persisted for all these reasons EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how Newton could turn observations of a cannonball in flight into a satellite orbit.

Correct AnswerverifiedNewton noted that the faster the ball wa...View AnswerShow Answer

The principal culture that transferred Greek astronomical knowledge to Renaissance Europewas:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because he failed to observe stellar ________, Aristotle wrongly concluded we could not bein orbit around the Sun.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The planets are moving in elliptical orb...
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in a strai...
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Newton noted that the faster the ball wa...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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