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Exam 7: Social Process Theories Socialization and Society

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Question 31

True/False

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 More than 40 years ago in a now classic study, Travis Hirschi and Rodney Stark found that, contrary to expectations, the association between religious attendance and belief and delinquent behavior patterns is negligible and insignificant.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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Which of the following occurs when norm violations or crimes have very little influence on the actor and can be quickly forgotten?

A) anomie
B) primary deviance
C) secondary deviance
D) stigma

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 33

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Which technique of neutralization refers to youths denying that they are to blame for their delinquent acts?

Compare and contrast social learning, social control, and labeling theory for explaining crime.

Supportive, effective, and noncoercive parenting is referred to as _____________________.

One consequence of labeling is the concept of _____, which brings about a reassessment of one's self-image that reflects actual or perceived judgments made by others, such as parents.

Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is not a disease or pathological behavior

Explain the relationships between religion, belief, and criminal involvement.

When friends or parents demonstrate their disapproval of crime, what can occur?

When young offenders claim their unlawful acts were simply not their fault, it is known as denial of responsibility.

Techniques of neutralization argue that delinquents are constantly and consistently engaged in delinquent behavior and rarely ever engage in conforming behavior.

Social learning theory suggests that crime is a/an ___ behavior

Behavior is reinforced by being either rewarded or punished while interacting with others; this is called differential reinforcement or __________________.

Which view states that becoming a criminal is a learning process in which potential delinquents master skills that enable them to counterbalance conventional values and drift back and forth between illegitimate and conventional behavior?

Which of the following refers to the type of social structure that integrates children into families while giving parents the ability to assert their individuality and regulate their own behavior

Research on differential association theory finds that having delinquent friends:

__________________ involves norm violations or crimes that have very little influence on the actor and that can be quickly forgotten.

Children born into high-risk families, such as those with single teen mothers, can avoid delinquency if their friends refrain from drug use and criminality.

Control theories argue that noncriminal individuals have developed a _______ that requires them to obey the laws of society.

The theory of  _______ presupposes a condition that allows people to explain away unconventional norms and values by using such slogans as "I didn't mean to do it" and "I didn't really hurt anybody."