A) It was not that unusual to find that during the Renaissance, the church continued to emphasized ascetic and monastic virtues of self-denial and bodily mortification.
B) The "pleasures of the flesh" that the Christian church allowed, like eating, drinking, and sex were necessary to survival, however, it was proof to the Church that humans are indeed, "weak.'
C) The classical philosophies of the Greeks and Romans, which were re- discovered during the Renaissance, accepted the human body and appealed to a new group of Renaissance philosophers known as "humanists".
D) Humanists attacked the monastic virtues as having been falsely imposed on the true structure of Christianity and by doing so, advanced the philosophical position of the body.
E) All of the above.
G) None of the above
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A) was an English humanist and taught at Cambridge University.
B) wrote The School Master and in this classic text, recognized the importance of physical education.
C) appreciated the value of exercise because in addition to doing good for the body, it also contributed to the mind by resting it.
D) wrote the Toxophilus (the art of shooting the bow) which was one of the first "how to" books on sport in the Western world.
E) All of the above.
G) C) and D)
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B) False
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A) believed in a philosophy that placed its focus on humans as opposed to the "other worldly" or . heavenly concerns of earlier philosophies.
B) developed the concept of Humanism.
C) saw value in the way the ancient Greeks viewed the body - the Greeks believed that the human body . played an important role in the secular world--everyday life.
D) All of the above.
E) A and C only.
G) A) and B)
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A) founded La Giocosa which blended the spirit of Christianity with the classics and the Greek concept of physical education.
B) believed that the body, like the mind, must be developed.
C) was the most famous of the Italian humanists.
D) was one of the first, if not the first, educator's to institute. physical education as an important part of . the educational program during the Renaissance.
E) All of the above.
G) C) and D)
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A) figured prominently in both the Renaissance and Reformation because he was a staunch defender of the Catholic Church.
B) advocated making education a part of every person's life, regardless of social class.
C) was trained as a priest and was a dualist.
D) was ambivalent regarding the virtues of health and physical education.
E) B, C, and D only.
G) A) and D)
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A) wrote The Book of the Governor which contained several chapters on physical education.
B) believed that not all sports were good, however, running, swimming, and hunting were sports that Elyot approved of.
C) encouraged young aristocrats to play football because it developed manly attributes and contributed to character development.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.
G) A) and D)
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A) the Classics were held in high regard.
B) secular concerns were important.
C) leading educators incorporated physical education into their educational curriculum.
D) many intellectuals began to differ with the church relative to the philosophical and theological positions of the body.
E) All of the above.
G) A) and B)
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A) Philosophers like William of Ockham developed a philosophical foundation that used the body in order to educate children.
B) It was not unusual to find theologians during the Reformation that argued against participating in sport and physical education.
C) Arguments that developed during the Reformation continue to burden contemporary physical educators which cause us to continually justify playful activities as having educational merit.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.
G) B) and D)
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B) False
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B) False
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A) encouraged the study of the ancient Greeks and Romans and attempted to study the philosophy and history of the classics.
B) emphasized the joy of living and enjoyed their corporeal existence.
C) believed that a person's corporeal life was a good thing and worth contemplating--believed in the "Universal Man".
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
G) D) and E)
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A) wrote The Courtier.
B) believed in the concept of the "Universal Man".
C) believed that the well-rounded courtier should know how to swim, leap, run, play tennis, and perform on the vaulting horse.
D) Included a discussion in The Courtier about the role of women.
E) All of the above.
G) A) and C)
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B) False
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A) He studied Greek and used the term Gymnasium to establish a venue where training of the body in the form of physical education could take place.
B) He could do everything that he taught, from reading ancient Latin and Greek to teaching the "arts".
C) He believed that the body had to be disciplined and educated.
D) He believed in the value of the "liberal arts" to liberate the educated person from the chains of ignorance and prejudice
E) All of the above.
G) C) and E)
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B) False
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