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Exam 2: Conducting Research in Psychology

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Question 51

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According to the author, the first attitude of science is ________.

A) intellectual honesty
B) questioning skepticism
C) practical thinking
D) questioning authority

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 52

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Which of the following statements is true about behavioral measures?

A) Behavioral measures are not very time-intensive as collecting behavioral data does not take a long time.
B) Behavioral measures are more susceptible to social desirability bias than are self-report measures.
C) Behavioral measures do not allow people to modify their behavior even if they know they are being observed.
D) Behavioral measures provide more objective measurements, because they come from a trained outside observer.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 53

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Which of the following sciences studies the world of things-the inanimate world of stars, light, waves, atoms, the Earth, compounds, and molecules?

A study was conducted across many cities in the United States to determine the correlation between the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity in children. The study was conducted among children from different schools over a period of one year. Multiple correlations were taken and studied, and the results were found to be the same. It was found that obesity is found more in children who regularly consume soft drinks than in children who do not. Which of the following is a characteristic of the result of this study?

Which of the following statements is true of scientific thinking?

________ is defined as research that collects information using any kind of numeric and measurable scale and often has limited response options.

Samir was weak in mathematics. He consistently gave wrong answers in class for the simplest mathematical calculations. The teacher became frustrated with Samir and ignored him whenever he volunteered to give an answer. She expected him to fail his test, so she avoided putting extra effort into tutoring him. As a consequence, Samir failed his math test. In this scenario, Samir fulfilling the teacher's expectation demonstrates ________.

The last process of the scientific method is to ________.

In the fourth step of the scientific method, scientists use mathematical techniques to ________ the results and determine whether they are significant and whether they closely fit the prediction.

Susan was asked to participate in a self-report questionnaire on prejudice. In order to look good and avoid coming across as a person who is prejudiced against African Americans, she gave neutral answers on the questionnaire. This phenomenon is called ________.

In a naturalistic observation, a researcher ________.

Identify an accurate statement about scientific theories.

Rita conducts a study in which she videotapes college students interacting with each other before and after performing a series of cognitive tasks that were presented as "Intelligence tests that can affect your college tuition charges." She then has a carefully trained team observe and record the participants' actions, noting visible signs of anxiety in particular. What type of measure best describes the one used by Rita?

A ________ is best defined as a quantitative method for combining the results of all the published and even unpublished results on one question and drawing a conclusion based on the entire set of studies on the topic.

________ are defined as subtle cues, often unconscious, given by experimenters to the participants as to how they should behave in the role of participant.

________ is a branch of physical science.

________ are the rules governing the conduct of a person or group in general or in a specific situation and are also regarded as standards of right and wrong.

Christa was given the highest award from her university for conducting and publishing novel research that would be highly beneficial to the general population. However, the university later found out that her data were incorrect and could not be replicated by other laboratories. The form of scientific misconduct that Christa committed is ________.

________ is defined as the degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure, such as intelligence, and not something else, and the degree to which it predicts real-world outcomes.

________ is defined as the tendency toward favorable self-presentation that could lead to inaccurate self-reports.