Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of psychological dependence as a characteristic of substance use?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the toxicity resulting from the behavioral effects of a drug.
B)   It is the reduced effect of a drug after repeated use.
C)   It is indicated by the presence of a withdrawal syndrome, implying that the body has become adapted to the drug's presence.
D)   It is indicated by the frequency of using a drug or by the amount of time or effort an individual spends in drug-seeking behavior.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Reports from various brain-scanning experiments done on drug users indicate that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Jonathan had tried cocaine when he was a school student and slowly started to use it regularly. He does odd jobs to earn money for buying cocaine. When he is unable to find jobs, he even robs people. Which of the following characteristics does Jonathan exhibit in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavioral toxicity
B)   Tolerance
C)   Physical dependence
D)   Psychological dependenceE) B) and D)
F) B) and C) D

Question 5

In the context of substance use, which of the following is the significance of the animal research that led to the positive reinforcement model?

Accepted Answer

A)   It indicates that prescription drugs are important contributors to overall drug toxicity figures.
B)   It implies that psychological dependence is more important than physical dependence in explaining repeated drug use.
C)   It points out the scientific value of the concept of reinforcement for understanding physical dependence.
D)   It proves that using one of the gateway substances causes one to escalate to more deviant forms of drug use.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In 2008 it was reported that the incidence of new HIV infections associated with intravenous drug use had declined by 80 percent in the past 20 years. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Syringe exchange programs
B)   Sexual abstinence education
C)   Increased Narcotics Anonymous attendance
D)   Decreased use of hormonal contraceptivesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes a drug recognition expert (DRE) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   A physician trained to recognize a variety of medication that is administered for drug-related problems
B)   A police officer trained to examine intoxicated individuals to determine which of several classes of drugs caused the intoxication
C)   A teacher trained to recognize the scent of burning marijuana in school premises
D)   An emergency room personnel trained to record the actual cause behind drug-related emergency room visits in hospital emergency departmentsE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

In the United States, the ________ compiles data from death certificates and in most of these a cause of death is recorded.

Accepted Answer

A)   Monitoring the Future study (MTF) 
B)   Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) 
C)   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) 
D)   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The commission of crimes to obtain money for expensive illicit drugs is due to the artificially high cost of the drugs, not primarily to a pharmacological effect of the drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the term "drug toxicity"?

Accepted Answer

A)   It refers to the effects of drugs that interfere with normal functioning in such a way as to produce dangerous or potentially dangerous consequences.
B)   It refers to a phenomenon seen with many drugs, in which repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug results in a lesser effect.
C)   It refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.
D)   It refers to a state in which the individual uses the drug so frequently and consistently that it appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In the context of substance use, ________ is defined as a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)   tolerance
B)   reinforcement
C)   antecedence
D)   idealizationE) B) and D)
F) All of the above B

Question 12

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are administered urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2013, about ________ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

Accepted Answer

A)   100
B)   between 60 and 80
C)   0
D)   between 10 and 30E) A) and D)
F) A) and B) B

Exam 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Which of the following statements is true of psychological dependence as a characteristic of substance use?

Correct Answer
verified

To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).

Correct Answer
verified

Reports from various brain-scanning experiments done on drug users indicate that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.

Correct Answer
verified

Jonathan had tried cocaine when he was a school student and slowly started to use it regularly. He does odd jobs to earn money for buying cocaine. When he is unable to find jobs, he even robs people. Which of the following characteristics does Jonathan exhibit in this scenario?

Correct Answer
verified
D

In the context of substance use, which of the following is the significance of the animal research that led to the positive reinforcement model?

Correct Answer
verified

In 2008 it was reported that the incidence of new HIV infections associated with intravenous drug use had declined by 80 percent in the past 20 years. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best describes a drug recognition expert (DRE) ?

Correct Answer
verified

In the United States, the ________ compiles data from death certificates and in most of these a cause of death is recorded.

Correct Answer
verified

The commission of crimes to obtain money for expensive illicit drugs is due to the artificially high cost of the drugs, not primarily to a pharmacological effect of the drug.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best describes the term "drug toxicity"?

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of substance use, ________ is defined as a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

Correct Answer
verified
B

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are administered urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2013, about ________ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Exam 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Which of the following statements is true of psychological dependence as a characteristic of substance use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reports from various brain-scanning experiments done on drug users indicate that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jonathan had tried cocaine when he was a school student and slowly started to use it regularly. He does odd jobs to earn money for buying cocaine. When he is unable to find jobs, he even robs people. Which of the following characteristics does Jonathan exhibit in this scenario?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

In the context of substance use, which of the following is the significance of the animal research that led to the positive reinforcement model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 2008 it was reported that the incidence of new HIV infections associated with intravenous drug use had declined by 80 percent in the past 20 years. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes a drug recognition expert (DRE) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States, the ________ compiles data from death certificates and in most of these a cause of death is recorded.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The commission of crimes to obtain money for expensive illicit drugs is due to the artificially high cost of the drugs, not primarily to a pharmacological effect of the drug.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the term "drug toxicity"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of substance use, ________ is defined as a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are administered urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2013, about ________ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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D

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B

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B