Question 1

According to the text, the time to be concerned about internal validity is:

Accepted Answer

A)   when you conduct statistical tests.
B)   during the design phase of your research.
C)   after you have run your study.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

To manipulate an independent variable, one must expose participants to at least two levels of that variable. The specific conditions associated with each level are called the _____ of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)   controls
B)   simulations
C)   treatments
D)   measuresE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

In the context of the factors affecting internal validity, maturation refers to the tendency of subjects selected for treatment on the basis of their extreme scores to move closer to the mean on testing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A difference between correlational and experimental research is that in experimental research you:

Accepted Answer

A)   try to hold extraneous variables constant during the course of your experiment.
B)   include extraneous variables in your experiment to increase the chances of finding causal relationships.
C)   worry less about the effects of extraneous variables on your results.
D)   do not manipulate independent variables.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

If you are interested in conducting basic research, you might be more concerned with _____ than with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   confounding; establishing causal relationships
B)   establishing causal relationships; confounding
C)   internal validity; external validity
D)   external validity; internal validityE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Experimental mortality refers to a source of confounding in which:

Accepted Answer

A)   age or fatigue affects the experimental results.
B)   subjects are selected on the basis of their extreme scores on a measure.
C)   subjects drop out of a study more often in one condition of the experiment than in another because of the effects of the condition.
D)   uncontrolled events occur between multiple observations and affect the experimental results.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Correlational research belongs to a broader category called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   relational research
B)   a demonstration
C)   nonexperimental research
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of interpreting results of a study using a correlational rather than an experimental approach?

Accepted Answer

A)   It involves easy manipulation of variables to determine their effects on other variables.
B)   It helps in determining how naturally occurring variables relate in the real world.
C)   It incorporates a high degree of control over the variables of a study.
D)   It allows one to investigate and manipulate extraneous variables that affect an experiment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

A design in which subjects are exposed to only one treatment condition is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational design.
B)   uncontrolled experimental design.
C)   demonstration.
D)   illustration.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The directionality problem:

Accepted Answer

A)   means that sometimes you cannot clearly specify the direction of causality of a relationship observed in a correlational study.
B)   differs between experimental and correlational research.
C)   is limited to experimental research.
D)   deals with the effects of extraneous variables on an experiment.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

A common complaint about using animals such as rats as research subjects is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   animals are often too dumb to successfully complete experiments.
B)   the results obtained may lack internal validity.
C)   the results obtained may not apply to the behavior occurring under natural conditions in the "real world."
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Subjects in the experimental group are exposed to your experimental treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Hypothesis testing normally begins:

Accepted Answer

A)   when all variables affecting the behavior of interest have been identified.
B)   after you have collected enough information about a behavior to begin developing supportable explanations.
C)   during the preliminary exploratory stages of research.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 14

When you cannot manipulate independent variables or want to observe naturally occurring variables, the strategy of choice is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental research.
B)   simulation.
C)   correlational research.
D)   None of the answers is correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Lam et al. (2013) investigated the relationship between exposure to violent online video games and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents. Discuss the findings of the study. What qualifies the study by Lam et al. as a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

Lam et al. (2013) found that there was a...

Question 16

An advantage of field experimentation is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   you can control extraneous variables more tightly than you can in a laboratory experiment.
B)   you can be assured of high levels of internal validity.
C)   your results may have more external validity than the results from a laboratory experiment.
D)   you can control extraneous variables more tightly than you can in a laboratory experiment and you can be assured of high levels of internal validity.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions does not help control the effects of extraneous variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Dr. Jones conducts a correlational study of the relationship between the preference for violent television programming and aggression in children. She finds that the two variables are correlated and concludes that an increasing preference for violent television programs causes more aggression. Which of the following is most likely to be a potential obstacle in drawing a clear, causal inference from such correlational data?

Accepted Answer

A)   Probability sampling
B)   The extraneous variable problem
C)   Nonresponse bias
D)   The third-variable problemE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following is listed in the text as a factor affecting internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Participants growing older or becoming fatigued
B)   Changes in the calibration of instruments or observers used
C)   Biased selection of subjects
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. How do they differ, and what conclusions can be drawn from the data produced by each?

Accepted Answer

Correlational and experimental research ...

Exam 4: Choosing a Research Design

Subjects in the experimental group are exposed to your experimental treatment.

Correct Answer
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The directionality problem:

Correct Answer
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In the context of the factors affecting internal validity, maturation refers to the tendency of subjects selected for treatment on the basis of their extreme scores to move closer to the mean on testing.

Correct Answer
verified

When you cannot manipulate independent variables or want to observe naturally occurring variables, the strategy of choice is a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, the time to be concerned about internal validity is:

Correct Answer
verified

If you are interested in conducting basic research, you might be more concerned with _ than with _.

Correct Answer
verified

Random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions does not help control the effects of extraneous variables.

Correct Answer
verified

An advantage of field experimentation is that:

Correct Answer
verified

A difference between correlational and experimental research is that in experimental research you:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correlational research belongs to a broader category called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an advantage of interpreting results of a study using a correlational rather than an experimental approach?

Correct Answer
verified

Hypothesis testing normally begins:

Correct Answer
verified

Experimental mortality refers to a source of confounding in which:

Correct Answer
verified

Lam et al. (2013) investigated the relationship between exposure to violent online video games and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents. Discuss the findings of the study. What qualifies the study by Lam et al. as a correlational study?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lam et al. (2013) found that there was a...
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To manipulate an independent variable, one must expose participants to at least two levels of that variable. The specific conditions associated with each level are called the _____ of the experiment.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. How do they differ, and what conclusions can be drawn from the data produced by each?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Correlational and experimental research ...
View Answer

A design in which subjects are exposed to only one treatment condition is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

A common complaint about using animals such as rats as research subjects is that:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is listed in the text as a factor affecting internal validity?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Choosing a Research Design

Subjects in the experimental group are exposed to your experimental treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The directionality problem:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the factors affecting internal validity, maturation refers to the tendency of subjects selected for treatment on the basis of their extreme scores to move closer to the mean on testing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you cannot manipulate independent variables or want to observe naturally occurring variables, the strategy of choice is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, the time to be concerned about internal validity is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are interested in conducting basic research, you might be more concerned with _____ than with _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions does not help control the effects of extraneous variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of field experimentation is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A difference between correlational and experimental research is that in experimental research you:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational research belongs to a broader category called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of interpreting results of a study using a correlational rather than an experimental approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypothesis testing normally begins:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimental mortality refers to a source of confounding in which:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lam et al. (2013) investigated the relationship between exposure to violent online video games and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents. Discuss the findings of the study. What qualifies the study by Lam et al. as a correlational study?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILam et al. (2013) found that there was a...View AnswerShow Answer

To manipulate an independent variable, one must expose participants to at least two levels of that variable. The specific conditions associated with each level are called the _____ of the experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast correlational and experimental research. How do they differ, and what conclusions can be drawn from the data produced by each?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AICorrelational and experimental research ...View AnswerShow Answer

A design in which subjects are exposed to only one treatment condition is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common complaint about using animals such as rats as research subjects is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is listed in the text as a factor affecting internal validity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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If you are interested in conducting basic research, you might be more concerned with _ than with _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lam et al. (2013) found that there was a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Correlational and experimental research ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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