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Motivation has a ________ effect on job performance.


A) strong positive
B) moderate positive
C) weak positive
D) moderate negative
E) strong negative

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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________ equity is the comparison with others in the same organization doing substantially different jobs.


A) Job
B) Occupational
C) Company
D) Age
E) Educational

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Kelli is about to deliver an important presentation on her highly innovative efficiency technique at an internationally recognized business conference. Just minutes before she is to go on stage, Kelli gets nervous and cannot remember half of her talking points. Her boss speaks to her, reminding her that she works everyday with the information she plans to communicate, which helps shore up her confidence. Kelli then makes a presentation that earns her a standing ovation. Which of the following considerations dictated Kelli's self-efficacy?


A) past accomplishments
B) vicarious experiences
C) verbal persuasion
D) equity distress
E) instrumentality

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Hannah has been asked to give the opening speech at her global company's annual sales convention. She has successfully given speeches in the past, and her friends have all told her she would be great. These have resulted in a high sense of self-efficacy, and she accepts the assignment.

A) True
B) False

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The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success is known as self-actualization.

A) True
B) False

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The "R" in the S.M.A.R.T. goals acronym stands for


A) robust.
B) resolved.
C) requirements.
D) results-based.
E) realist.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Managers in global organizations recognize that some motivators are universal; that is, they work no matter what the culture. Other motivators differ by culture. Which of the following is not a universal motivator?


A) participation
B) interesting work
C) pay
D) achievement
E) growth

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is ________ motivation.


A) instrumental
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) expectant
E) efficacious

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following motivating forces have the strongest performance effect?


A) difficult goals
B) high levels of valence and instrumentality
C) perceptions of equity
D) high levels of expectancy
E) self-efficacy and competence

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Expectancy represents the belief that low performance is the outcome of high efforts.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) ________ involves a "comparison other" in the same company.


A) equity distress
B) emotional cue
C) cognitive distortion
D) internal comparison
E) external comparison

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Amber is responsible for creating a master emergency preparedness plan for the chemical facility in which she works. Her supervisor, Whitney, has examined all of her materials and updated Amber on which parts of the plan are satisfactory and which parts need more work. Whitney has provided Amber with


A) feedback.
B) self-efficacy.
C) instrumentality.
D) task complexity.
E) goal commitment.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Alvin is the leader of a team of counselors at a camp for recovering addicts. He and his team have been asked to implement a new program, which on the surface looks much more difficult than what they have been doing. Before the program begins, Alvin feels he needs to give his team a speech to help motivate them for the upcoming challenge. What is the first thing Alvin should do in his speech?


A) remind the team of how they worked hard to successfully overcome challenges in the past
B) admit that he is not completely sure the project can be done with existing staff numbers
C) tell them that he will be watching them carefully for any failure to follow procedure
D) express that he has a great deal of anxiety about taking on such a huge endeavor
E) tell the team they may get a raise if everything goes well for a few weeks

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of these except


A) meaningfulness.
B) self-determination.
C) competence.
D) impact.
E) needs.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following scenarios demonstrates how workers determine efficacy levels through vicarious experiences?


A) Sal looks at his diploma from a prestigious university and realizes he is very smart.
B) Reno pats Ed on the back and tells him he is making great progress on his design project.
C) Butch compares the salary he has just been offered to the salary he made at his previous job.
D) Bill, just named sales manager, asks Fred what his job was like when he was the sales manager.
E) Linda, who has a tight deadline to meet, ranks her tasks by urgency in the hopes that this will keep her on track.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Bobbi invests a great deal of energy in her job. She focuses closely, finds her tasks so interesting that she loses track of time, and takes a lot of initiative. Bobbi demonstrates a high level of


A) expectancy.
B) engagement.
C) instrumentality.
D) goal acceptance.
E) equity appreciation.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation? Give some examples of outcomes associated with each of these. Are you more motivated by extrinsic or intrinsic outcomes? Explain, using examples from your own life.

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Student answers will vary but should dem...

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Intrinsic motivation is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance.

A) True
B) False

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As goals move from moderate to difficult, the intensity and persistence of the effort needed are minimized.

A) True
B) False

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Technically, instrumentality is


A) the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's unique individual ideals and passions.
B) the belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success.
C) a set of subjective probabilities, each ranging from 0 to 1, that successful performance will bring a set of outcomes.
D) a subjective probability, ranging from 0 to 1, that a specific amount of effort will result in a specific level of performance.
E) a cognitive grouping or cluster of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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