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Which of the following representation types is associated with abstract concepts?


A) Spatial
B) Hypothetical
C) Propositional
D) Depictive

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Suppose we asked people to form simultaneous images of two or more animals such as a rabbit alongside an elephant. Then, we ask them basic questions about the animals. For example, we might ask if the rabbit has whiskers. Given our knowledge of imagery research, we would expect the fastest response to this question when the rabbit is imagined alongside


A) a wolf.
B) an anteater.
C) a rhinoceros.
D) a bumblebee.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which statement below is most closely associated with the early history of the study of imagery?


A) Imagery is based on spatial mechanisms like those involved in perception.
B) Thought is always accompanied by imagery.
C) People can rotate images of objects in their heads.
D) Imagery is closely related to language.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their


A) order.
B) importance.
C) concreteness.
D) bizarreness.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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The scanning task used by Kosslyn involves


A) visual icons.
B) mental images.
C) perceptual images.
D) echoic schemas

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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As described in your text, the pegword technique relies on all of the following EXCEPT


A) associations.
B) propositions.
C) rhymes.
D) visualizations.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Shepard and Metzler measured the time it took for participants to decide whether two objects were the same (two different views of the same object) or different (two different objects) . These researchers inferred cognitive processes by using


A) image scanning.
B) mental chronometry.
C) epiphenomena.
D) propositional representations.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Suppose that, as a participant in an imagery study, you are asked to memorize the four outside walls of a three-story rectangular house. Later, you are asked to report how many windows are on the front of the house. You will probably be fastest to answer this question if you create an image as though you were standing


A) right at the front door.
B) two feet from the front door.
C) at the far side of the front yard, away from the house.
D) one mile away from the house.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Ira and his sister are playing "Name that Tune," the object of which is to name the title of the song when given the song's first line. Ira suggests the line "Sleigh bells ring, are you listening?" His sister can't come up with the answer at first, but realizing that the title is often embedded in the lyrics, she tries to sing them silently to herself. She then bursts out "Ah! It's 'Winter Wonderland'!" It is most likely that Ira's sister used ___________ in playing the game.


A) mental chronometry
B) mental synthesis
C) visual imagery
D) inner audition

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Perky's imagery study (1910) had participants describe images of objects that were dimly projected onto a screen. The significance of Perky's results was that


A) screen images interfered with people's ability to form mental images.
B) people were influenced by the projected images when forming their mental images, even when they were unaware that the projected images were present.
C) the screen images had no effect on people's mental images.
D) people "used" the screen images to create their mental images but only when the objects were unfamiliar.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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According to the concept of topographical mapping, which of the following stimuli encountered on a beach trip will activate the farthest forward in the visual cortex?


A) A yellow kite in the sky
B) A white sailboat on the horizon
C) A pink beachball on your towel
D) A green popsicle in your hand

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Suppose we ask people to perform the following cognitive tasks. Which is LEAST likely to strongly activate the visual cortex?


A) Imagine the meaning of the word "ethics."
B) Imagine your car first from far away and then how it looks as you walk closer to it.
C) Imagine a typical unsharpened pencil. Approximate its length in inches.
D) Imagine a tic-tac-toe game proceeding from start to finish.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Shepard and Metzler's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated


A) how easy mental rotation is for humans.
B) that humans cannot successfully rotate mental images beyond 90 degrees.
C) that humans can only perform mental rotation on "real-world" objects.
D) imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The conceptual peg hypothesis would predict enhanced memory for which word pair?


A) True lies
B) Amazing grace
C) Cake mug
D) Mission impossible

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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