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Just as goods can be intrinsic or instrumental,so too can evils.Using the intrinsic/instrumental distinction,we might consider death,slavery,and injustice to be examples of instrumental evil.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following would NOT be an example of a moral value?


A) Happiness
B) Tolerance
C) Physical strength
D) Honesty

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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C

The area of ethics which attempts to identify and prioritize moral values and principles and provide frameworks for moral decision-making is referred to as:


A) practical ethics.
B) normative ethics.
C) metaethics.
D) instrumental ethics.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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B

Those things that we hold to be worthwhile and worth pursuing,such as freedom,happiness,and health,can be thought of as:


A) virtues.
B) values.
C) vices.
D) obligations.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Consequentialist theories of moral decision-making would have us focus primarily on:


A) our relevant moral duties.
B) determining the course of action which will likely produce the best consequences.
C) the development of moral character.
D) the struggle to overcome moral vice.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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"Goods" that are valued as a means to some other good are referred to as:


A) intrinsic.
B) instrumental.
C) extraneous.
D) non-essential.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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To be a proper subject of moral evaluation,conduct must be:


A) legal.
B) voluntary.
C) harmful.
D) rational.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following would be an example of police deviance?


A) Perjury
B) Accepting bribes
C) Use of excessive force
D) All of the above

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Happiness,human dignity,equality,and fairness could all be considered values.

A) True
B) False

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Moral values always take priority over nonmoral values,and intrinsic values always take precedence over instrumental values.

A) True
B) False

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Police (or institutional) subculture refers to:


A) the formal rules and guidelines of policing as identified in codes of ethics.
B) the informal attitudes,values,and norms of policing.
C) procedural law as applied to the roles and practices of police officers.
D) efforts by police administrators to impose certain moral standards on officers.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is the term used to refer to the "choice of evils" defense,whereby a defendant argues that s/he engaged in criminal conduct to prevent some greater evil?


A) Coercion
B) Insanity
C) Necessity
D) Preventive

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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In a situation requiring moral judgment -- such as a choice between being loyal to one's friend or honest -- intrinsic goods (e.g. ,honesty)always take priority over non-intrinsic goods (e.g. ,loyalty).

A) True
B) False

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Acts of omission involve not doing something when one had a moral or legal duty to do something.

A) True
B) False

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Life,justice,and happiness are typically considered to be:


A) intrinsic goods.
B) instrumental goods.
C) intrinsic evils.
D) non-moral values.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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People are more likely to engage in immoral activities if there is no apparent victim.

A) True
B) False

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Briefly describe the notion of police subculture,using at least one example to illustrate your response.

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Should include a description of police s...

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Based on the research of Sherman,which of the following is NOT one of the informal values that new police officers acquire through socialization?


A) Shows of disrespect for police authority should be met with punishment (arrest or use of force)
B) Officers should not hesitate to use force against those who deserve it
C) Due process merely protects criminals and should be ignored whenever an officer can get away with it
D) All of the above ARE key values introduced to new officers

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Although frowned upon formally,the informal values of police culture sometimes hold that accepting gifts from the public (e.g. ,free meals)is an acceptable way of supplementing income.

A) True
B) False

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True

Briefly distinguish between acts of omission and acts of commission,providing at least one example of each.

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Should include discussion of t...

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