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The nervous system's communication links are called


A) axons.
B) neurons.
C) dendrites.
D) synapses.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A newborn's hearing is


A) poorly developed until the second month.
B) fairly acute, and has been since before birth.
C) not developed enough to discriminate between sounds.
D) operational only after birth because of amniotic fluid in the ear canal.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Kumar learns first to hold up his head,then to raise his shoulders,and then to push with his feet.This demonstrates which principle of development?


A) Proximodistal
B) Simple-to-complex
C) Maturational
D) Cephalocaudal

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is the term used for the process of giving birth?


A) Labor
B) Expelling
C) Parturition
D) Contraction

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The placenta is expelled from the mother's body during the __________ stage of childbirth.


A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Cody looks to his mother for clues regarding the safety of a situation.This skill is known as social


A) functioning.
B) referencing.
C) positioning.
D) motivation.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The neonatal period is the first __________ of life.


A) four weeks
B) eight weeks
C) six months
D) year

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Katrina is in labor.She is being attended by an experienced helper who offers emotional support.This person is


A) medicator.
B) midwife.
C) doula.
D) doctor.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Gabriel has received a very low score on the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Test.His parents were told by the pediatrician that he


A) will need immediate life-saving intervention.
B) has likely suffered brain damage.
C) shows evidence of learning disabilities.
D) will have some motor skill impairment.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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At about 3 or 4 months of age,infants begin grabbing and putting into their mouths whatever they can reach.This action is the start of the process of


A) tasting.
B) teething.
C) eating.
D) ingesting.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which region of the brain is the largest and is divided into two halves or hemispheres?


A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Spinal cord
D) Cerebrum

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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List two of the risk factors that babies face in the first year and give an example of each.List three specific dangers that low-birth-weight babies have to face during the early months after birth.

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Two of the risk factors that babies face...

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The technical term for the growth of the brain that results from experience is


A) malleability.
B) plasticity.
C) moldability.
D) flexibility.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Uterine contractions are 15 to 20 minutes apart and last up to a minute during the beginning of the


A) third stage of the birth process.
B) first stage of the birth process.
C) second stage of the birth process.
D) afterbirth stage of the birth process.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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By what age do almost all children hold their heads erect while being held?


A) 2 weeks
B) 4 weeks
C) 2 months
D) 4 months

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following babies would have the highest Apgar score?


A) Eileen is listless and blue, with limp muscle tone.
B) Marlene is pink with blue extremities, slow pulse, and slow breathing.
C) Carmela is pink, with rapid pulse; she is coughing and crying.
D) Joanne is blue, with slow pulse and irregular breathing.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements about the brain of the newborn is NOT true?


A) It has reached about 25% of adult weight at birth.
B) The brain grows rapidly soon after birth.
C) Its cells migrate to form networks.
D) Outer layers of the cortex develop before the inner layers.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The ongoing longitudinal study in Kauai shows that the effects of low birth weight,birth injuries,and other birth complications can be counteracted by


A) a favorable home environment.
B) drug therapy.
C) large doses of megavitamins.
D) surgical intervention.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A method of medicated delivery that allows a woman to feel sensations and move her legs so she is able to participate in childbirth is the


A) narcotic injection.
B) anesthesia block.
C) general anesthesia.
D) "walking epidural."

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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At what age do most infants get half or more of their sleep at night,much to the relief of their parents?


A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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