Question 1

The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

Accepted Answer

A)  CH2O.
B)  C2(H2O) 2.
C)  C6H12O6.
D)  C12H22O11.
E)  C12H24O12.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cis-trans isomers.
B)  structural isomers.
C)  enantiomers.
D)  anomers.
E)  diastereomers.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

A glycosidic bond is

Accepted Answer

A)  a bond between any two carbohydrate molecules.
B)  a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group.
C)  any bond that can be broken by reaction with water.
D)  a bond between anomeric carbon atoms on two separate monosaccharides.
E)  none of the aboveF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  animals;energy storage
B)  animals;as a structural component
C)  plants;as a structural component
D)  plants;energy storage
E)  none of the aboveF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

When a monosaccharide forms a ring by interaction of one of its hydroxyl groups with its aldehyde group,the bond is referred to as a(an) ________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A)  ether
B)  ester
C)  acetal
D)  hemiacetal
E)  glycosidicF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Match the following.
-glucose

Accepted Answer

A)  a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits
B)  a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar
C)  mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
D)  a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
E)  stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each otherF) a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucoseG) a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkagesH) a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose unitsI) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atomJ) a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combinedK) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acidsL) a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkagesM) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructoseN) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactoseO) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in bloodP) a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysisQ) A) and H)
R) A) and J)

Question 7

All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of stereoisomers possible is 2n,where n is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the molecule.
B)  monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms exist in solution in cyclic form.
C)  the two different cyclic forms of a particular monosaccharide are called tautomers.
D)  a molecule is classified as a d or l isomer by the position of the hydroxyl group on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group.
E)  monosaccharides have the general formula Cn(H2O) n,but this only describes the number and kinds of atoms,not their structure.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  4
C)  8
D)  16
E)  32F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Match the following.
-cellulose

Accepted Answer

A)  a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits
B)  a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar
C)  mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
D)  a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
E)  stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each otherF) a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucoseG) a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkagesH) a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose unitsI) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atomJ) a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combinedK) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acidsL) a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkagesM) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructoseN) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactoseO) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in bloodP) a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysisQ) E) and M)
R) A) and J)

Question 10

When a cyclic acetal is formed upon the reaction of a monosaccharide and an alcohol the resulting product is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  glycoside.
B)  residue.
C)  hemiacetal.
D)  disacharide.
E)  polysacharide.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Fructose can be classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  aldoketose.
B)  aldopentose.
C)  aldohexose.
D)  ketopentose.
E)  ketohexose.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose
B)  galactose
C)  ribose
D)  fructoseE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The disaccharide that contains a β-1,4 linkage is

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose.
B)  maltose.
C)  amylose.
D)  lactose.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Illustrate the conversion between the α and β forms of d-fructose.Make sure to include the open chain form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Illustrate the conversion between the α and...

Question 15

Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  their cyclic structures.
B)  the presence of at least one hydroxyl group.
C)  the presence of more than one hydroxyl group.
D)  the presence of a carbonyl group,usually on the #1 carbon atom.
E)  the presence of at least one chiral carbon atom.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Starch is composed of two polymers,________,which is an unbranched chain,and ________,which is a branched polymer.

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose;amylase
B)  amylase;amylose
C)  amylopectin;amylose
D)  amylose;amylopectin
E)  amylase;amylopectinF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbons 1 and 5
B)  carbons 3 and 4
C)  carbons 2,3,and 4
D)  All carbons are chiral.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

A hemiacetal linkage consists of a

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon atom bonded to both an -OH and an -OR group.
B)  carbonyl group that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
C)  carbonyl group that is also bonded to an ether linkage.
D)  carbon atom bonded to two -OH groups.
E)  carbon atom that is bonded to an -OR group and an -NH2 group.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Match the following.
-disaccharide

Accepted Answer

A)  a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits
B)  a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar
C)  mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
D)  a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
E)  stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each otherF) a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucoseG) a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkagesH) a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose unitsI) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atomJ) a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combinedK) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acidsL) a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkagesM) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructoseN) a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactoseO) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in bloodP) a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysisQ) L) and O)
R) E) and N)

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  
B)  
C)  
D)  
E)  none of theseF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Exam 20: Carbohydrates

Illustrate the conversion between the α and β forms of d-fructose.Make sure to include the open chain form.

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Match the following. -glucose

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A hemiacetal linkage consists of a

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Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?

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A glycosidic bond is

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Fructose can be classified as a(an)

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Match the following. -disaccharide

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All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

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Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?

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The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

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Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

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The disaccharide that contains a β-1,4 linkage is

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Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

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How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

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When a monosaccharide forms a ring by interaction of one of its hydroxyl groups with its aldehyde group,the bond is referred to as a(an) ________ linkage.

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Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?

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Match the following. -cellulose

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Starch is composed of two polymers,________,which is an unbranched chain,and ________,which is a branched polymer.

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When a cyclic acetal is formed upon the reaction of a monosaccharide and an alcohol the resulting product is called a

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Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

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Starch is composed of two polymers,,which is an unbranched chain,and ,which is a branched polymer.

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Glycogen is produced by ,and its major function is .

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