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Exam 9: Lifespan Development

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Question 251

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following would characterize a child who is in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?

A) The child tends to focus on only one aspect of a situation, such as the height but the not the width of the liquid in two containers.
B) The child is able to think logically and systematically even when dealing with abstract concepts.
C) The child can only use basic sensory and motor abilities to understand the world.
D) The child can think logically, but his or her use of logic tends to be limited to tangible events or objects.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 252

Multiple Choice

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In adolescence, negative and stressful family relationships, including absence of the biological father, are associated with:

A) later puberty and delayed physical development in both girls and boys.
B) earlier puberty and accelerated physical development in both girls and boys.
C) later puberty in boys but earlier puberty in girls.
D) premature pruning in the prefrontal cortex.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 253

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The majority of emerging adults establish long-term, stable relationships during the emerging adulthood stage of development.

In addition to interactions among genes, and between genotype and environmental influences, another crucial factor in the relationship between genotype and phenotype is:

The period of accelerated growth during puberty, involving rapid increases in height and weight, is called:

The term production vocabulary refers to the words that an infant or child understands.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," dozens of studies have shown that _____ can improve cognitive functioning in old age.

Parents who explain the reasons for insisting that their children behave in a certain way, including the consequences and effects of misbehavior, are using a form of discipline called:

Dr. Dillinger investigates how gene activity is regulated within a cell, what signals switch genes on or off, and in particular, what determines whether a given cell will become a skin cell, a nerve cell, or a heart muscle cell. His area of research is called epigenetics.

Explain Jean Piaget's views about the nature of cognitive development in children.

By the age of 15, about 50 percent of adolescents in the United States report having had a "special romantic relationship."

Two crucial factors in the relationship between genotype and phenotype are interactions among genes and interactions between genotype and environmental influences.

Assuming that a newborn infant is normal, his or her brain will be about one-quarter the size of an adult human brain and will weigh about one pound or less.

Because of epigenetic influences, newborn rats who were genetically predisposed to be skittish, nervous, and high-strung developed into calm, exploratory, and stress-resistant adult rats when raised by genetically unrelated, attentive mothers.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box on the adolescent brain, the most likely explanation for impulsive and erratic behavior in adolescence is immaturity of the prefrontal cortex.

What suggestions would you give to parents to help them become more authoritative in dealing with their children?

The activity theory of aging contends that life satisfaction in late adulthood is highest when people maintain the level of activity they displayed earlier in life.

Generally, well-nourished and healthy children begin puberty later than children who have experienced serious health problems or inadequate nutrition.

Identify the researcher who proposed that dying people go through five distinct stages.

According to the text, studies examining the impact of early stress on epigenetic changes in humans have shown that childhood stress or adversity: